Babylonian language,
The Babylonians belong to the Semitic Language Group, and orientalists have also been referring to the languages of the peoples of South-West Asia (Arabs, Aramaics, Canaanites, and Akkadian).
Babylonian and Assyrian were branches of the Akkadian language that prevailed in Mesopotamia before the ancient Babylonian kingdom and the ancient Assyrian kingdom.
The Babylonian language of King Hammurabi's reign, which reached the stage of maturity and perfection embodied in the Hammurabi Code, was able to dominate the ancient world of the East,
And the language of political and economic documents in those regions is about 1,000 years old, until replaced by the sister Aramaic language.
Her writing was in the syllabus that she had developed to serve her different purposes.
Mesopotamia.
Excavators were only able to detect the ruins of the city of Babylon in the modern Babylonian era.
Mesopotamia.
Excavators were only able to detect the ruins of the city of Babylon in the modern Babylonian era.
It occupies an area of twelve square kilometers, and its center is a rectangular shape, 2600×1500, in which about two hundred thousand people live.
It consists of two sections, an old section comprising buildings, the Nebuchadnezzar II Palace located east of the Euphrates, and a modern section located west of the Euphrates.
The two sections are linked to the mediation of a 123-meter-long, 10.5-meter-wide bridge from the Nabopolassar era.
The city was surrounded by a double wall, the thickness of which was about 4 meters outside, and the thickness of which was about 6.5 meters inside.
On average, one of the walls was 7.20 meters away. As for the Euphrates, there was a wall protecting the city from the river's water, which was about eight meters thick.
There were also eight gates leading to the ancient city, named after the famous Babylonian deities and one of the most magnificent Ishtar gates.
Other antiquities discovered in Babil include the Muabat Street, which started at the Ishtar Gate and was driving to the holy area and is 16 meters wide.
Other antiquities discovered in Babil include the Muabat Street, which started at the Ishtar Gate and was driving to the holy area and is 16 meters wide.
It is lined with tiles imported from Lebanon and surrounded by the walls of its thick 7 m wall, adorned with pictures of blending brick animals, and is now in the Berlin Museum.
Another feature of Babylon is the Ziggurat (Tower of Babylon) and the Isagila Temple, the oldest of Babylon's buildings, whose history amounts to the third thousand B.C.E.
Another feature of Babylon is the Ziggurat (Tower of Babylon) and the Isagila Temple, the oldest of Babylon's buildings, whose history amounts to the third thousand B.C.E.
And which was dedicated to the worship of Murdoch. There are many other temples for Ishtar, Nanorta, and others.
As for the palaces, the most famous of which is Nebuchadnezzar II's palace, and its dimensions are 322×190 meters.
It contains a huge throne hall (52×17m) decorated with beautiful decorations. Finally, there are the hanging gardens of Babylon,
Which Nebuchadnezzar II set up in honor of his Median wife, and which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, until the Greek historian Herodotus, who visited the ruins of it, said, “It is not the same in its greatness and capacity as another city.”
Medicine.
Their medicine was associated with magic, and the patient was treated on the basis that an evil spirit entered his body, so treatment was based on magic, plant and animal drugs, and so on.
Medicine.
Their medicine was associated with magic, and the patient was treated on the basis that an evil spirit entered his body, so treatment was based on magic, plant and animal drugs, and so on.
And there's a number that describes the diagnosis of some disease, its symptoms, and how to treat it.
The Babylonians knew many kinds of drugs and ointments, and the doctor was allowed to perform surgery, according to Hammurabi's law, with consequences.
Babylonian Assyrian literature of the ancient Babylonian era was a continuation of the Sumerian works of literature with great influence in Mesopotamia in general, and was then liberated from imitation to creativity, as literary works were presented that reflected the living developments and the maturity of the language that became interested in artistic and aesthetic style.
Babylonian Assyrian literature of the ancient Babylonian era was a continuation of the Sumerian works of literature with great influence in Mesopotamia in general, and was then liberated from imitation to creativity, as literary works were presented that reflected the living developments and the maturity of the language that became interested in artistic and aesthetic style.
Legend has given answers to questions that the Babylonians had in mind about their world, and about such issues as creation, death, immortality, sin, and punishment.
One of the most prominent myths was the myth of Archus, whose main themes were the creation of man and the struggle of gods, the Deluge, and divine punishment.
And the Kilkamesh epic, which revolves around the idea of getting eternal and eternal youth. The legend of Adaba, who loses his chance of immortality.
The legend of Tana, the first king of Kish city after the Flood, is occupied by the possession of his heirs.
The myth of Ishtar's descent into the irredeemable underworld, but it returns with the help of the God Gaia who brings back life, and the God Domoze (July) gives a ransom for it,
So he sends out instead, and rotations in the underworld every six months, and with him temporarily loses fertility and greenery as a symbol of the change of the year.
Then comes the myth of a creative Babylonian in the eighth century B.C.E., the legend of the “Ira”, the god of plague and destruction, to which the national god Merodach temporarily abdicates to lead a war to subjugate people who no longer leave the gods a chance for rest,
But ultimately he succeeds in stabilizing the country and correcting the situation and regrets his bloody act.
His minister convinces him to direct his strikes the Babylonian enemies, such as the Assyrians and Assyrians.
One of the important works is the myth of Babylonian creation, known as Enûma Ileesh, meaning “When There Are On High”, which deals with the ancient subject with a new vision to consecrate the position of the God Mardukh as Chairman of the Council of God the Rafidain.
One of the important works is the myth of Babylonian creation, known as Enûma Ileesh, meaning “When There Are On High”, which deals with the ancient subject with a new vision to consecrate the position of the God Mardukh as Chairman of the Council of God the Rafidain.
The poem “To Amjden the Lord of Wisdom”, which expresses the despair of the Babylonian man in the Cushi era, doubts God's justice, and gloats over the many calamities that befell him. This is associated with the book of Job in the book of the Old Testament.
Mathematics.
It requires farming, measuring land, building irrigation channels, palaces, temples, etc., and engaging in commerce, knowledge of computation, engineering, and reparation.
Mathematics.
It requires farming, measuring land, building irrigation channels, palaces, temples, etc., and engaging in commerce, knowledge of computation, engineering, and reparation.
The prevailing system in Mesopotamia was the Sixties system, both in computation and in the systems of measurement of time, measures, and scales.
The year has been divided into twelve months and today into twenty-four hours, the system in place to date.
The Babylonians knew the idea of the box and the cube, and they were able to calculate the area of the circle and its surroundings.
They took an interest in observing the planets because they believed that they affected people's lives as gods, and they linked their movements to the different manifestations of nature, which led to the creation of astrology in them, dividing the horoscope into twelve towers.
And there were people watching stars at night and day, tracking their paths, blogging their observations and observations, and this enabled them to predict the occurrence of eclipse and eclipse,
And so they became very famous in this area that the Greeks benefited a lot later on.
Laws and Legislation.
The word religion in the Akkadian (Babylonian) meant “a matter of law, a legal judgment” and the judge was called Dian, who was in charge of the protection of law and justice, all gods, foremost among them the God of the sun, who was described as seeing everything.
The one who is in charge of law enforcement on the ground is the King, the Chief Justice.
The Babylonians came to know Sumerian legislation, the oldest of which came to King Urnamo (2111-1994 BC), followed by the king's legislation, “Beit Ishtar,” king of Essen (1934-1924 BC).
The king of Ashanah then passed legislation in Babylonian.
The most prominent of these laws was the Hammurabi [R] Act, which contains about 200 articles of law dealing with many matters related to family, slaves, land and commerce.
Memory.
excavation and archeological discoveries
,
The actual archeological excavations began in Babylon in 1899 by Robert Koldewey of Germany, R.Koldewey, commissioned by the German East Society and continued without interruption until 1917.
It was long before many European travelers visited the site (Petrodella Valley, Nibor, Pochamp and Olivier) and was followed by attempts by some foreign archeologists and consuls to explore the site,
But to no avail. Robert Colddo was able to uncover buildings dating back to the modern Babylonian era (the seventh and sixth centuries AD), but he was unable to reveal the traces of the older ages because of the high level of groundwater.
In his excavations, he followed an accurate scientific approach, which was later imitated by scientists.
In the seventh and eighth decades of the 20th century, the German Institute of Antiquities in Baghdad and the Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities followed the study and restoration of many of the remaining Babylonian temples.
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Laws and Legislation.
The word religion in the Akkadian (Babylonian) meant “a matter of law, a legal judgment” and the judge was called Dian, who was in charge of the protection of law and justice, all gods, foremost among them the God of the sun, who was described as seeing everything.
The one who is in charge of law enforcement on the ground is the King, the Chief Justice.
The Babylonians came to know Sumerian legislation, the oldest of which came to King Urnamo (2111-1994 BC), followed by the king's legislation, “Beit Ishtar,” king of Essen (1934-1924 BC).
The king of Ashanah then passed legislation in Babylonian.
The most prominent of these laws was the Hammurabi [R] Act, which contains about 200 articles of law dealing with many matters related to family, slaves, land and commerce.
Memory.
excavation and archeological discoveries
,
The actual archeological excavations began in Babylon in 1899 by Robert Koldewey of Germany, R.Koldewey, commissioned by the German East Society and continued without interruption until 1917.
It was long before many European travelers visited the site (Petrodella Valley, Nibor, Pochamp and Olivier) and was followed by attempts by some foreign archeologists and consuls to explore the site,
But to no avail. Robert Colddo was able to uncover buildings dating back to the modern Babylonian era (the seventh and sixth centuries AD), but he was unable to reveal the traces of the older ages because of the high level of groundwater.
In his excavations, he followed an accurate scientific approach, which was later imitated by scientists.
In the seventh and eighth decades of the 20th century, the German Institute of Antiquities in Baghdad and the Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities followed the study and restoration of many of the remaining Babylonian temples.
Follow us
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