Roman Empire

The Roman Empire in English, Roman Empire, is a term for the period after the Roman Republic that ruled Rome. 

It is a development of Rome's political rule, and the imperial rule of Rome at that time was characterized by authoritarian rule. 

Imperial rule succeeded 500 years of Rome's Republican rule (510 B.C., the first century BC), which was weakened by the conflict between Gaius and the Civil War Julius Caesar v. Pompeii, there is no specific history of Rome's transition from the Republic to the Empire, 

But the beginning of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the appointment of Julius Caesar could be considered a permanent dictator of Rome in 44 BC, at the stage when Octavian and Julius Caesar won the battle of Actyom (September 32, 31 BC), as well as the Roman Senate were awarded the words of greatness to the Octaectaencazim On June 16, 27 BC.)

About the Romans.

The Romans were a people who settled in the center of the Italian peninsula from the 12th century AD and established the ancient city of Rome. 

They then organized and developed their political, military and social institutions, and began to gradually expand and establish a state that took control of the Italian peninsula, which expanded and took control of most of the ancient world, 

And became vast, extending from the British Islands and the shores of Euro-Atlantic It was the heart of the Greater African Desert and the Red Sea in the south. 

This was an example of the colonial concept of the University of Universal Stat, which lasted until the fifth century AD, when Germanic tribes controlled the provinces of the Roman state in 476 AD.

Statue of Julius Caesar.

Establishment of the historic city of Rome.

There are no historical documents or evidences that define the Romans' coming to the Italian Peninsula and their establishment as the city of Rome. Historians rely on a set of myths and novels transmitted by the people who have studied ancient history throughout the ages. 

Archaeological discoveries and historical documents confirm the founding of the small village by the Roman leader Romulus, who named it Rome after her founder Romulus and himself as the first king of Rome and its surroundings, thus establishing a succession of seven kings. 

According to accounts, Romulus focused on military aspects during the establishment of the state and developed a strategy that summarizes:

Control of the territory surrounding Rome.

Lay down the first rules of Roman law and religion.

Expansion and control of neighboring regions.

Creation of the Roman Empire.

The Roman People's Revolution overthrew the tyrant King (Tarlenius) and considered the Roman Year (509 B.C.) as the main crossroads in their political, social and economic life and named him “The Year of Glory”. 

This was after a series of political and military events that are still mysterious to the present day, and the Roman people reached a new organization of power in Rome. 

They started with wars similar to limited tribal invasions aimed at subjugating the tribes and families surrounding Rome. 

This was during the establishment of the First Republic of the Roman Empire. 

The second Republic began with the transformation of the rising state from a Latin force inside the Italian Peninsula to a global military force affected by what is happening in the old Mediterranean basin The Roman wars in the Italian Peninsula have ended, and the Roman wars with the Phoenician (Carthaginian), which was the capital city of Carthage in North Africa, have begun. 

These wars were called the Wars Punic First.

Roman-Phoenician conflict (Punic wars),

The Roman-Carthage conflict began as a commercial conflict and then took on military dimensions. The first friction between the two sides was when the Romans occupied the island of Sicily in 264 BC. 

In the Polish wars, the two sides fought a series of land and sea battles, some of which were settled, while the others remained inconclusive. 

However, the majority of the battles were decisive for the Romans, especially ground battles, while naval battles were mostly the result for the Tajiks, whose forces were mostly naval, unlike the Romans, whose forces were ground.

The Romans achieved their first achievement when they took the Carthaginians out of Sicily in 241 B.C., followed by the Roman leader (Marcus Gaullos) who defeated the Carthagite fleet in 256 B.C.

This battle was the first naval battle fought by the Romanian army, but the Tajiks did not settle down with the Romans Coming on the Spanish coast, they arrived in Marseille determined to invade Italian territory from the north-west side, and Hannibal had high hopes of being helped by the Romans.

After more than ten years of continuous wars with different enemies on all sides of the Italian peninsula, the well-studied and well-planned Hannibal campaign became a spearhead in the face of Roman ambitions, especially since this campaign has emerged with the emergence of a number of anti-Roman parties. 

The Roman state is now in the throes of a fear of expansionist plans. Hannibal wins: Hannibal was able to score a series of victories for Romanians :

Victory over the Roman army in the battle of Kani.

The capture of the city of Sauntum, an ally of Rome.

Cut off the Tripia.

Hannibal and Macedonian alliance against the Romans before that time period. 

This made Rome on the brink of defeat, but the Romans insisted on standing up against the armies of Hannibal and its allies. 

With this steadfastness, Hannibal's progress in Rome faltered and the Carthage armies were defeated.

The reasons behind the Carthage defeats were:

— The Roman ability to cope with difficulties quietly and with composure.
— To take advantage of successive military combat lessons as soon as possible.
— Most of Rome's Latin allies remain at its side in times of crisis.
— No aid and supplies to Hannibal forces.
— The Carthage government was plagued by divisions and corruption, which led to the failure to support the Hannibal campaign.

— The bulk of Hannibal's army was a fantasy. 

This weapon has been effective in fast-moving combat operations, but it is not appropriate for the blockade and occupation of land.

The Romans used these attitudes and influences to reorganize their armies and spread them on different fronts. 

They carried out a series of campaigns that led to the restoration of both the city of Syracuse and Cabi. 

The Romans decided to open a front in Spain to surround the Hannibal forces and prevent reinforcements from reaching them. 

Romanian forces were defeated by the Carthage forces in the battle of Elipa in Spain. 

Meanwhile, Macedonian King Philip V retreated from the alliance with Hannibal and the Romans sought his favor. 

The Romanian Commander (Sepio) led an army consisting of 25,000 mounted infantry, which was cut off by the Mediterranean Sea heading to Carthage. 

The Tajik Qaradhib insisted on calling Hannibal from Spain to command the Carthage armies. The two armies met in the battle of Zama, in which the Qurtajik defeated. 

After this defeat, a treaty was concluded in which both parties agreed that :

The Carthaginians pay tribute fifty years.
Reduction of Cartagena ships to ten ships.
Not to wage war outside Africa without the consent of Rome.
This Roman victory resulted from Roman domination of the eastern and southern Spanish coast and Spain was divided into two provinces, called nearby Spain and distant Spain.

Roman Enlargement.

After the Carthage danger was eliminated, the Romans looked east and started thinking of taking over the Macedonian Kingdom. Indeed, they declared war on it, with the goals of:

— Limit or eliminate Macedonian influence in the east.
— Control of islands located in the eastern Mediterranean basin due to their extreme importance in the area of navigation and trade.
— Access to the territory of the Kingdom of Seleucid, which controlled parts of Asia Minor and northern Syria.

After setting those goals, the Romans launched a series of battles that ended with the complete occupation of Macedonian territory in the east and the control of the Greeks. 

At the end of these wars, the Roman Republic expanded its borders from Spain in the west to the western coasts of Lesser Asia in the east, as well as Carthage territories in North Africa, and was divided into seven provinces associated with the central government in Rome.

After these victories, the Roman state became a great power that was hard to conquer and ruled over the capabilities of the ancient Western and Eastern world. 

At this point, Roman history began to fester with the names of victorious leaders and to turn into a ruling class that influences the course of events in Rome and beyond. 

After the rest period that followed the war, it was the beginning of a new phase of the Roman conquests.

— First Empire: The Romanian state entered the new and decisive stage of its history, which is the imperial stage, after the leader (Octavian) became the first emperor of Rome and his rule lasted for about 40 years, during which he extended control over Egypt after the defeat of Cleopatra in the Actyum naval site, and the rest of the Gallo To Rome is defeated. 

Octavian founded the imperial dynasty, known as the Julian dynasty, after his uncle Julius Caesar.
— Second Empire: In this period, Christianity began to spread throughout the eastern parts of the empire, but the official religion of the empire was a pagan, originally from Greece.

The disaster of the Roman country,

The countdown started for the Roman state as of 235 A.D. 

The year witnessed a serious increase in political and social unrest, and an increase in external attacks, especially from barbaric and Germanic tribes, 

And the return of the Persian Empire in the east, which took Armenia out of the Roman hands, took control of Mesopotamia, the Persian army marched, and invaded Antioch and Syria. 

The Romans could not stop from the re-establishment to the four people who share power — the system known as the “quartet rule” — which continued until 305 C.E. 

And followed by a power struggle that lasted from 306 to 313 C.E. until the Emperor (Constantine) came to the throne, whose rule was considered a major turning point in the course of the Roman Empire.

Follow us

Abu Musa

Share: