Rudolf Clausius | Smart people

Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) was a German scientist and physicist who drafted the second law of thermodynamics, and many considered him one of the founders of thermodynamics.

Along with him, characters like William Thomson and James Gul have developed in an important way this branch of science that was founded on French by Saadi Carno.

The work of Clausius had a powerful effect on the evolution of theories proposed by important physicists. An example of that is the theories of James Maxwell, who has explicitly recognized the influence of Clausius in his own work.

Rudolph Clausius's most important contribution was related to his search for the effects of heat on various liquids and materials.

Resume.

1.1 Principles of Thermodynamics
1.2 Teaching and Motor Theory
1.3 Military participation
1.4 Thanks and Appreciation
1.5 Death
2 contributions
2.1 Base Thermal Dynamics
2.2 Contribution to the kinetic theory of gases
2.3 Law II of thermodynamics
2.4 The Mathematical Method of Lucius
2.5 Mechanical theory of heat

Biography

Rudolph Clausius was born on January 2, 1822, in Kuslen, Pomerania, Germany. Rudolph's father declared the Protestant faith and had a school ; This is where this world got its first training.

Then, Steen City Jimeniseum (written in German under the name of Schitsyn) entered and there he continued part of his training.

In 1840, he joined the University of Berlin, where he graduated four years later, in 1844. There's a physics and math lesson, and these are two disciplines that Clausius proved to be very good from a very early age.

After this academic experiment, Clausius entered Haley University, where he received his PhD in 1847 because of the work on the visual effects that were created on the planet as a result of the presence of the atmosphere.

From this work, which had some flaws in the approach, it was clear that Rudolph Clausius had clear mathematical skills, and that his skills responded completely in theoretical physics.

Thermodynamic principles
After getting a Ph.D. in 1850, Clausius got the position of professor of physics at the Royal College of Engineering and Artillery in Berlin ; There was until 1855.

In addition to this position, Clausius also practices at the University of Berlin Rivatzoent, a teacher who can give lessons to the students, but the university did not give her fees, but the students themselves paid for the lessons.

1850 was the year when Rudolph Clausius published your most important work: on heat-induced motion forces.

Teaching and motor theory
In 1855, Clausius changed his mind and got a teaching job at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, based in Zurich.

In 1857, he focused on studying the field of motor theory. At this time, he started experimenting with the concept of “halfway through a particle”.

This term refers to the distance between two encounters, one after another, of the molecules that make up the gas. This contribution was also very relevant in the field of physics.

Three years later, Clausius married Adelhide Remof, who had six children with him, but died in 1875 giving birth to the last couple's children.

Clausius was at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology for many years, until 1867, and there he dedicated himself to giving lessons in physics. The same year, he moved to Wurzburg, where he also worked as a teacher.

In 1868, he was a member of the Royal Society of London. He was studying in Wurzburg until 1869, the year he went to teach physics at the University of Bonn, Germany. At this university he was studying until the end of his life.

Military participation

In the context of the Franco-Prussian War, Clausius was about 50 years old. At the time, he organized many of his students into the Voluntary Aid Corps who served in this conflict, which took place between 1870 and 1871.

As a result of this heroic act, Clausius received the Iron Cross, thanks to his service to the German Navy.

As a result of this engagement, Clausius suffered a war injury in one of his legs, which later caused the discomfort that existed until the end of his life.

Appreciation

In 1870, Rudolph Clausius received the Higgins Medal, and in 1879 he received the Cobley Medal, an award given by the Royal Society of London to those who made relevant contributions in biology or physics.

In 1878, he was appointed a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1882 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Weiss berg.

In 1883, he got the Ponce let Award, a prize awarded by the French Academy of Sciences to all scientists who have made outstanding contributions to science in general.

Finally, one of the most important declarations made to this German scientist is that the mouth of the moon is named after it: Clausius.

Death

Rudolph Classic died on August 24, 1888, in Bonn, his native Germany. Two years ago, in 1886, he married Sophie Stack.

In the final years of his life, research left a little of an aside to devote himself to his children ; In addition, he suffered a leg injury while participating in the war, a situation that did not allow him to move as easily as at other times.

His research field at the time, Electrodynamics theory, had a backseat because of all this context. However, Clausius continued to teach in the university field until his death.

One of his advantages is that he can enjoy the approval of the most important scientists at the time ; William Thomson, James Maxwell and Joshia Gibbs, among many others.

These brilliant scientists, and the science community in general, at the time, identified him as the man who built thermodynamics. So today, this discovery is known as the most important and the most transcendent.

Contributions

Thermodynamic base

Being a father of thermodynamics, Clausius has provided important rules for developing the basic suggestions of the soul.

Some important physicists have confirmed that it was Clausius's work that laid the foundations for thermodynamics with clear definitions and specific limits.

The focus of Clausius was on the nature of molecular phenomena. From studying these phenomena, it led to the assumptions that he himself made on the laws of thermodynamics.

Contribution to the kinetic theory of gases
The work of Clausius on individual particles of gases was crucial to the development of the motor theory of gases.

This theory was developed by James Maxwell in 1859, based on Clausius's work. It was criticized in principle by Clausius, and based on this criticism, Maxwell updated his theory in 1867.

The main contribution of Lucius in this area was the development of a standard for distinguishing atoms and molecules, which indicates that gas molecules are complex objects with component parts moving.

Second law of thermodynamics

Clausius was the one who introduced the term Entropia in thermodynamics and used this concept to study processes, both reversible and irreversible, in this area of knowledge.

He allowed the connection of the concept of entropy to the concept of energy dissipation as the concepts of “Siamese” because of its close relationship.

This represents a huge difference with similar concepts that I tried to describe the same phenomena.

The concept of entropy, as Clausius suggested, was more than a hypothesis of his day. In the end, it turned out that Clausius was right.

Clausius's mathematical method

One of Clausius' contributions to science is to develop a mathematical method that played a unique role in thermodynamics. This was a useful way of applying it to the mechanical theory of heat.

The contribution of Clausius is often overlooked, mainly because of the confusing form presented by his author.

However, many authors believe that such ambiguities were common to physicists and were not a reason to reject them.

Mechanical theory of heat

Clausius developed what's called the mechanical theory of heat. This was one of his major contributions to thermodynamics.

The basis of this theory is heat as a form of movement.

This allows you to understand that the amount of heat needed to heat and expand the volume of gas depends on the way that the temperature changes and that volume changes during the process.

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