Cleopatra VII

Cleopatra VII was the last of Egypt's most heroic rulers, and it surpassed its predecessors in intelligence, prudence, and ambition. 

Cleopatra ascended the throne and ruled Egypt for about twenty years (51 to 30 BC).

According to Egyptian law, she married her brother Ptolemy XIII; 

Then she felt that marriage was hampering her political plans. After three years in power, she was accused of attempting to take the throne and monopolize it; 

She fled to the eastern desert and gathered an army of Arabs, hoping to attack Alexandria and seize power. 

Julius Caesar, who entered Alexandria, tried to end the dispute between Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy.

Cleopatra sneaked behind her brother's army lines, hiding inside a large rug carried by one of her followers as a gift to Caesar; 

When the man entered the palace, she appeared out of the carpet. Caesar's relationship with her arose, and Cleopatra's aspirations were also accepted; to take over the throne. 

Kaiser decided to share Cleopatra, her brother; Their father also recommended. Ptolemy objected and fought Caesar, but eventually drowned.

Cleopatra signed an agreement with Caesar, whereby she declares in Egypt her marriage to him, and that he will announce the news in Rome; when he becomes an emperor there. 

Cleopatra gave birth to a child from Caesar and was recorded on the walls of a temple that Caesar associated with her in the form of Amon Ra; 

This made him a legitimate wife of Caesar, in the eyes of the Egyptians.

 She then moved to Rome, waiting for the day when a czar became an emperor and officially married; She therefore became his partner in the Roman Empire.

But the Republicans got upset with Caesar's ambitions and eliminated him in March of 44 BC. Cleopatra returned to Egypt. 

The Caesar's agents, led by Mark Antonio and Octavian (also known as Augustus), won in the fall of 42 BC. 

Antonio, who had taken over the eastern part of the Roman Empire, called Cleopatra to Sicily to convince her not to stand with Caesar's associates. 

Cleopatra enraged Antonio, and returned to Alexandria; I'm sure he'll follow it, and that's exactly what he did. 

Antonio spent the fall of 41-40 BC. In fun with Cleopatra, who succeeded in turning his mind into Alexandria, away from Rome.

 But Antonio made a quick return to Rome, owing to the dramatic events there; He married Augustus's sister Octavia.

 He stayed away from Cleopatra; until he went out to oversee his campaign in the Levant.

Then Antonio summoned Cleopatra and announced his marriage to her and confessed to his twin daughters from him.

 He came back victorious and held celebrations in Alexandria. And the Romans worried that Antonio wanted to make Alexandria the capital of the Roman Empire. 

Cleopatra soon declared the “queen of the queens”, and the eastern states of the Roman Empire were distributed between her and her two children from Antonio.

Cleopatra saw herself as a second Empress; All that is left to do that is for Antonio to overthrow Augustus.

 But Antonio was defeated in 31 BC. The two fled to Alexandria.

Before Augustus entered Alexandria, Antonio himself was killed, and Cleopatra hid in her grave in the Royal District of Alexandria; 

It was her famous palace, and she kept all her treasures in the cemetery.

Threatened to set fire to the grave; It kills itself and destroys treasures; Rome's dreams are in the show of Cleopatra during the victory celebrations of Augustus, who duped her and her treasures and intended to take them with him as a prisoner.

Cleopatra saved herself to the embarrassment, killing herself. Rome ruled the world, and then, for a few centuries.

 The authors and poets of the day race to win Augustus's favor; Mocking and insulting Cleopatra. 

No one in the late queen's office tried to defend her. 

The writings of her competitors became the only source of her life. And those stories had a tremendous impact on all of what was written about Cleopatra; from ancient to present day.

The BBC reported on 14/2/2007

Scientists at Newcastle University are currently studying a new theory that says that Cleopatra, Egypt's most famous queen, was not, as it is said, always pretty at all.

Archeologists base this theory on an old coin found in which Cleopatra appears to have a complete lack of beauty, with long, remarkably curved nose, twisted chin, and narrow front.

Egyptian antiquities expert Zahi Hawass denied the idea of being a dummy Cleopatra, saying that the shape of Cleopatra differs from one currency to another.

He added: “Cleopatra was attractive. So much so that she took over the heart of the two most powerful in the world at that time, only Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony. This negates the statement that it was ugly.”

Other experts pointed out that the currency may contain mistakes in printing,

But it still bears the old model of the Greek beauty, according to the Egyptian guide Ahmed Saleha, who told Sameh Musa from the BBC Arabic that the long, extended nose makes the eye look deep, and it is a manifestation of beauty in this era.

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